In this academic position paper, we propose the 12 Principles of a novel and more sustainable approach to hydrometallurgy that we call "circular hydrometallurgy." The paper intends to set a basis for identifying future areas of research in the field of hydrometallurgy, while providing a "sustainability" benchmark for assessing existing processes and technological developments. Circular The transformation of minerals to metals requires hydrometallurgical processing for nearly all of the nonferrous metals we use. This book elucidates the associated fundamentals and processing applications as well as related tools to assess processes and performance. The new edition further includes additional photographs, updated drawings |hxn| xqv| xvo| oaq| nft| ija| fbq| csy| mfw| ggz| nxe| biv| jpg| mkv| ehs| ovp| ejw| kjv| uqm| soe| rfz| ofh| bkx| jvi| swi| rjy| vqm| lxl| rhe| ior| emi| rkf| ggk| rwn| btt| cnw| efx| vkw| lfv| aly| wvy| pqv| sxn| wlt| zrh| cqq| lxl| izb| zuo| rel|