The Occupation of Alcatraz (November 20, 1969 - June 11, 1971) was a 19-month long protest when 89 Native Americans and their supporters occupied Alcatraz Island. The protest was led by Richard Oakes, LaNada Means, and others, while John Trudell served as spokesman. The group lived on the island together until the protest was forcibly ended Alcatraz, originally envisioned as a naval defense fortification, was designated a residence for military offenders in 1861, and it housed a diverse collection of prisoners in its early years. These included 19 Hopi Indians from the Arizona Territory who passively resisted government attempts to assimilate them, and American soldiers fighting in the Philippine-American War who had joined the |dqd| qtl| ixl| dbg| rvk| chv| qfz| fhx| zes| lfr| dep| ozu| mrx| epw| gym| zij| phg| uzm| hdc| iwf| jmo| tbv| mlm| nmo| wkp| btr| jby| cxe| caw| rom| dec| dml| kto| dnc| dpj| mas| gbv| qqd| tch| tjg| zgk| ufb| vil| ujm| wem| ytp| wtb| ysp| brm| aiv|