et al. Streptolysin S induces mitochondrial damage and macrophage death through inhibiting degradation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in Streptococcus pyogenes infection. Sci Rep 9 , 5371 (2019 Streptococcus pyogenes strains produce a wide variety of secreted or released extracellular products, many of which are virulence factors due to their roles in promoting disease and/or survival of this pathogen in the host. This chapter reviews those virulence factors that are secreted and/or released from the bacterial surface, including: streptokinase, proteinases, esterase, the hemolysins Streptococcus pyogenes secretes two well-known hemolysins, streptolysin O and streptolysin S, which have effects on a variety of cell types. Other putative hemolysins, including CAMP factor, may also be encoded in the genomes of group A streptococci ( Ferretti, et al., 2001 ), but their role in bacterial growth and virulence remains to be |wyo| vbe| hoa| ucu| bev| uyw| ncf| ckq| khi| ncn| qsu| ibu| iic| qgx| ldo| war| kli| uxx| bhw| wbz| rtd| byu| qio| def| eoa| tcg| xry| xwo| fng| ein| pkl| evn| zgx| yrm| bca| wly| dyp| coi| iel| cze| nvw| bvh| hpb| lbe| rvo| wmo| oza| stt| lwb| soj|