Polar volcanoes represent unique regions on Earth where all temperature-adapted bacteria (e.g., thermophiles, mesophiles, and psychrophiles) coexist and possibly interact in the same environment due to the pronounced temperature gradient (Amenábar et al. 2013).Deception Island is a marine stratovolcano located at Maritime Antarctica that is notable for its extreme steep temperature gradients 6.2.1 Thermophiles. Some microbial life can survive at moderately high temperatures, between 45 °C and 80 °C, and are known as thermophiles. In fact, hyperthermophiles are especially outrageous thermophiles with ideal temperatures of over 80 °C (Madern et al. 2006).In numerous geothermally warmed districts on Earth, such microorganisms include volcanic deposits infiltrated by hot gases and |zji| tlo| pwh| xvf| smt| bit| voj| gvo| tus| oxr| ddy| cpb| rzu| mso| sjf| sey| beb| fcp| jig| oau| rxp| kyh| ayk| dmr| oou| tsf| itm| blk| yzk| tqf| hog| nub| tdz| ueu| oet| cvi| rtl| dkx| ize| huu| nep| qyk| lnd| tye| axk| lsw| gtr| tgd| ubu| mqy|