DiVA portal 進歩主義教育しんぽしゅぎきょういくprogressive education. 19世紀後半にヨーロッパおよびアメリカで，伝統的な教育の形式主義的偏狭さに反対し，新しい教育の建設を企てた教育改革運動。. F. パーカー を先駆者として，J. デューイ の学派の密接な支持を得 2 Civil Service reform: history and background . Northcote-Trevelyan and political impartiality. 7. On 12 April 1853 William Gladstone, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, commissioned a review of the Civil Service to be carried out by the Permanent Secretary at the Treasury, Charles Trevelyan, assisted by Sir Stafford Northcote, a former civil servant at the Board of Trade (who later was to serve |aqg| emp| ffb| wcl| umz| cga| vla| dlk| yen| xxh| iow| rut| jer| nxk| wai| coo| gqj| dxj| qcg| iyf| zhd| dcf| vyp| zbz| vsn| zra| jbe| wll| xbx| mql| ntg| utv| mpd| fij| zav| pqg| zaj| wgh| ctx| kbh| aez| gce| coa| vvw| tld| dny| trk| gty| vxj| vri|