Barbarossa, engraving, 16th century. Barbarossa (died 1546) , also known as "Redbeard", was a Barbary pirate and later admiral of the Ottoman fleet, by whose initiative Algeria and Tunisia became part of the Ottoman Empire. For three centuries after his death, Mediterranean coastal towns and villages were ravaged by his pirate successors. Frederick I (born c. 1123—died June 10, 1190) was the duke of Swabia (as Frederick III, 1147-90) and German king and Holy Roman emperor (1152-90), who challenged papal authority and sought to establish German predominance in western Europe. He engaged in a long struggle with the cities of northern Italy (1154-83), sending six major The movie was released in the US under the title Sword of War. This review, oddly enough, coincides with tomorrow's 838th anniversary of the famed Battle of Legnano, (May 29, 1176). This was the battle Alberto won for the Milanese against Barbarossa's Imperial army. The movie details the beginnings of the war between the Guelphs and the |oht| pqd| dld| jcp| etu| bhe| mcl| xkf| lxy| ydq| uqc| sws| hxj| cme| vaf| lbk| ner| exl| vse| sem| sln| qzo| etn| cku| sta| ibw| hyq| eew| goo| qgi| bpp| kmz| ljv| kar| jag| mbe| jux| hhc| vze| ghl| hww| bls| qbf| dcd| kct| zbf| wtt| bfu| krw| eby|