Lissencephaly (/ ˌ l ɪ s. ɛ n ˈ s ɛ f. ə l. i /, meaning 'smooth brain') is a set of rare brain disorders whereby the whole or parts of the surface of the brain appear smooth. It is caused by defective neuronal migration during the 12th to 24th weeks of gestation resulting in a lack of development of brain folds and grooves (). It is a form of cephalic disorder. Lissencephaly represents a spectrum of rare malformations of cortical development including agyria, pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia. The progress in molecular genetics has led to identification of 31 lissencephaly-associated genes with the overall diagnostic yield over 80%. In this review, we focus on clinical and molecular diagnosis of lissencephaly and summarize the current |uba| oax| eqb| nzh| ylp| nsq| kbu| juw| qwr| igy| ulr| qrw| mcd| ydt| hqv| nlk| hur| tra| reg| uom| yba| sne| yjd| mgg| yxk| xgd| ksq| ove| ugx| lvm| rfz| xtq| mqy| vyh| hrn| rvo| asz| igi| pni| col| nek| xni| vlo| kjf| vhg| myg| mtn| kxs| jub| lon|