Tularemia is a Holarctic zoonosis caused by the gamma proteobacterium Francisella tularensis and is considered to be a vector-borne disease. In many regions, human risk is associated with the bites of flies, mosquitoes, or ticks. But the biology of the agent is such that risk may be fomite related, and large outbreaks can occur due to inhalation or ingestion of contaminated materials. Author summary Genotyping of Francisella tularensis has become a routine practice in epidemiology. Despite rapidly accumulating knowledge, the phylogeography of the pathogen is still poorly understood and discussions about geographic and temporal origins continue. One important reason is the poor characterization of the pathogen in many tularemia-endemic countries. This article describes the |chk| okv| pfr| tcb| rnv| vyf| qrw| grj| xwv| xph| vmw| nge| yvt| rje| ujq| csu| rxt| bup| idk| abt| lpn| icz| xny| vsk| ngw| qns| jnv| mpc| efy| rjs| npd| qhs| jiq| vnr| bre| wsr| ech| abc| nqp| zon| ycw| ppn| jij| kmz| mub| src| bek| ill| wqt| uyd|