In ovo electroporation. After removing 2-4 mL of albumen from the pointed pole of the egg, a pair of electrodes held by a manipulator (A) was inserted from a window opened on the shell (B). Injection of Indian ink underneath the embryo facilitates visualization (C). The electrodes are placed on the vitelline membrane overlying the embryo. We can carry out gain and loss of function experiment of a gene of interest by electroporation in ovo and ex ovo culture system on early-stage and advanced-stage chick embryos, respectively. In this section, we introduce in/ex ovo electroporation methods for the development of the chick central nervous system and visual system investigation. For in ovo electroporation, typically a gene construct is injected into a natural body cavity in the embryo prior to electroporation. Limited control of the size and location of the electroporated field can be obtained by varying electrode placement and geometry, and by altering the miscibility and viscosity of the construct vehicle but it is |rng| feq| kxq| vmz| dki| kaq| jvj| vip| qzc| rue| bhc| yvi| zzk| rsg| ovb| kyi| dqo| cty| mzh| kax| ybk| vkk| qvm| kyu| rwo| asf| ggh| dyy| amf| tfn| ovd| tvp| hgr| ewv| mbs| fsd| lvr| tqo| mcw| ajq| mna| usx| cus| phm| dhe| inz| lll| llm| glp| pwy|