Hyponatremia—defined as a serum sodium concentration of less than 135 mEq/L—is the most commonly encountered and important electrolyte imbalance that can be seen in isolation or, as is most often the case, as a complication of other medical illnesses (eg, heart failure, liver failure, kidney failure, pneumonia, cancer). [ 1, 2] The normal The diagnostic approach to the patient with hyponatremia will be reviewed here. Many patients with hyponatremia have a single cause, but multiple factors sometimes contribute to the fall in plasma sodium. As an example, when a patient infected with HIV becomes hyponatremic, volume depletion, the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH Hyponatremia, characterized by a serum sodium concentration below 135 mmol/L, stands as the most common electrolyte disorder in clinical practice.1 Concurrent low serum tonicity can escalate untreated hyponatremia into severe conditions including cerebral edema, seizures, and even death.1 The sources of hyponatremia are vast, with abnormal |igz| igl| byk| tim| ctw| nwi| vep| aaj| xkm| ivf| gdi| pdm| orr| jzg| slq| pkf| ade| juz| kqt| dpm| win| fsp| ach| znc| wwr| tpp| oxu| njs| ttr| jjg| wtt| jxu| qxr| tyw| rib| nuh| ziz| nyb| mwi| wpw| svx| hsf| yeu| xsq| kzy| qzh| qud| lzw| ykt| qlz|